1.For Example, changes in the economy that lead tofewer job opportunities for youth and risingunemployment in general make gainful employmentincreasingly difficult to obtain.

　　【分析】復合句。句子主語為changes;謂語為make;賓語為gainful employment;increasingly difficult to obtain為賓語補足語。in the economy和that引導的定語從句均修飾changes。

　　【譯文】例如，經濟變化導致年輕人就業機會減少和失業率上升，通常在這種情況下，他們更難獲得高新職位。

　　2.More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; consequently,children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional familystructure.

　　【分析】并列復合句。由分號連接的兩個并列分句。第一個分句是簡單句。第二個分句中，consequently為句首狀語，children是主語，are likely to have是謂語部分。less supervision at home是賓語部分，than was common in the traditional family structure是賓語從句修飾supervision。

　　【譯文】單親家庭和雙職工家庭越來越多;從而，兒童在家中受到監管比傳統結構家庭要少。

　　【點撥】consist of "由…組成"。

　　3.Other identifiable causes of offensive actsinclude frustration or failure in school, the increasedavailability of drugs and alcohol, and the growingincidence of child abuse and child neglect.

　　【分析】簡單句。Other identifiable causes ofoffensive acts是主語部分;include是謂語;賓語部分是由逗號連接的三個并列的名詞或名詞性短語：frustration or failure, the increased availability 和thegrowing incidence，其中in school 和兩個 of 短語分別作前面賓語的后置定語。

　　【譯文】導致犯罪行為的其他確切因素還有學習受挫，考試不及格、毒品和酒精更容易得到，以及不斷增多的兒童受虐和被忽略事件的發生。

　　【點撥】1) identifiable"可辨認的，可識別的，可確認的"。2) availability "有效，有用;可得到的人(或物)"。

　　4. Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual andemotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence thatcomes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others.

　　【分析】多重復合句。句子主干為teenagers are self-conscious and need the confidence。Because引導原因狀語從句;that引導的定語從句修飾confidence，定語從句中又包含一個 that 引導的賓語從句。

　　【譯文】因為青少年正在適應新的身體狀況和智力、情感方面的諸多挑戰，所以他們的自我意識很強，并且需要信心，這種信心源于獲得成功和看到自己的成就獲得他人的贊賞。

　　【點撥】1) adjust to 意為"適應，調節"。2) host 是量詞，指"許多，大量"。A whole host of "許多，大量"。

　　5.However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.

　　【分析】復合句。So…that引導結果狀語從句;that 后的 it 為形式主語，真正的主語是不定式結構to plan activities，其中包含一個which引導的定語從句修飾activities;for example為插入語，其后的三個動賓短語列舉了三種行為，是對上文for example具體的解釋說明。

　　【譯文】然而，典型的青少年生活方式中已經充斥了如此之多的競爭，所有明智之舉就是組織一些勝者多敗者少的活動，比如：出版一些學生寫的書評時訊、展覽學生的藝術作品、發起讀書討論俱樂部。

　　【點撥】1) be filled with 意為"充滿;裝滿"。2) sponsor在此處用作動詞，意為"發起，主辦，贊助"，它還可以用作名詞，意為"發起者，主辦者，贊助者"。

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