Section III Translation

　　46、

　　【參考譯文】

　　大多數人認為樂觀是無盡的歡樂，如同總是有半杯水的杯子。但那是一種絕不會為積極心理學家所稱道的虛假的快樂。哈佛大學的Tal Ben-Shahar教授說，“健康的樂觀主義意味著要活在現實之中。”在Ben-Shahar看來，現實的樂觀主義者會因勢利導，而非求全責備。

　　Ben-Shahar 會使用三種樂觀的方法。比如說，當他因搞砸了一場演講而倍感郁悶的時候，他會告訴自己這是很正常的事，提醒自己：并不是每一次演講都可以獲得諾貝爾獎，總會有一些人的演講效果不及其他人。接著為改進。他分析了一些效果不好的演講并且從那些起效和無效的演講中吸取教訓為將來做準備。最后是看待問題的角度，即在生活的宏偉計劃中，一次演講真的無足輕重。

　　Section IV Writing

　　Part A

　　47.Directions:

　　Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student, write him an email to

　　1) tell him about your living habits, and

　　2) ask for advice about living there

　　Dear John,

　　I am Li Ming, your future roommate and a new arrival from China who is coming over here for further education. I am writing this letter to let you know about me and ask for some suggestions for my future life in America。

　　First, I am a quiet person so that your keeping silent would be highly appreciated. Second, I like cooking and I wonder whether it is okay to you that I cook Chinese dish at home, because the preparation for Chinese cuisine may produce much smoke. Third, I want to buy a car but I know nothing about traffic rules in America. Would you please give me a lesson about traffic laws in US.

　　Wish you reply soon。

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Li Ming

　　Part B

　　48. Directions:

　　Directions:

　　Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should

　　1) interpret the chart, and

　　2) give your comments。

　　You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

　　As the bar graph indicates, both city and rural area witnessed a distinguished phenomenon in population fluctuation. Indeed, population in city increased at a breakneck speed and surpassed that of rural area during the period from 1990 to 2010 while population in rural region slightly decreased down to a scale which was close to that of city.

　　What accounts for this disparity? The answer involves two factors. The first contributing factor is the substantially fast developing steps of cities in China. No one can deny that since Chinese economic reform from 1980s which mostly benefits people in city. The second reason is that Chinese farmers enjoy the harvest from new policies that are established to benefit farmers. People in rural areas are allowed to migrate for work and residence by the law and an increasing number of farmers choose to work in city and become migrant workers just because they would make much more money than ever before in city. All these are the result of urbanization。

　　Based on the analyses above, we can safely draw the conclusion that the process of urbanization will continue in the years ahead, and every single Chinese benefits from the fast development of China。